Which of the following can be a lifting force that contributes to thunderstorm development?

Convection currents are a crucial lifting force that contributes to thunderstorm development. When solar radiation heats the earth's surface, the ground warms the air above it. Warm air is less dense than cooler air, causing it to rise. As this warm air ascends, it creates a convection current. The upward movement of this warm, moist air can lead to the formation of cumulonimbus clouds, which are characteristic of thunderstorms. As the air rises, it cools, and if the humidity is high enough, condensation occurs, releasing latent heat and further fueling the storm.

While solar radiation plays a role in warming the earth's surface and indirectly contributes to convection currents, it is the movement of air itself—specifically the rise of warmer, moist air—that is the essential process driving the development of thunderstorms. Air pressure fluctuations and humidity levels can certainly influence weather systems, but the initial lift necessary for thunderstorm formation is primarily due to convection.