What is the process of sublimation?

Sublimation is the process in which a substance transitions directly from a solid state to a gas state without passing through the liquid phase. This phenomenon occurs under specific conditions, usually involving low pressure or high temperatures, which allow the solid particles to gain enough energy to directly escape into the gas phase.

A common example of sublimation is seen with dry ice; as it warms up, it changes directly from solid carbon dioxide to carbon dioxide gas without becoming liquid. This direct transformation distinguishes sublimation from other phase changes such as melting, where a solid becomes a liquid, or condensation, where a gas becomes a liquid. By understanding sublimation as a unique process of solid-to-gas transition, one can recognize its applications and behaviors in various scientific contexts.