What is a non-precision approach?

A non-precision approach is characterized as an approach procedure that lacks vertical guidance, which is essential for a precise descent to a runway. In non-precision approaches, the pilot must rely on lateral guidance provided by navigation aids, such as VOR (VHF Omnidirectional Range) or NDB (Non-Directional Beacon), to define the flight path, but they do not provide information for controlling the vertical descent profile.

These approaches require the pilot to make determinations regarding altitude and descent rate based on outside visual references or their own calculations, rather than following a defined glide slope like in a precision approach, which utilizes an Instrument Landing System (ILS). This lack of vertical guidance means that the pilot must manage the approach with more skill, especially in adverse weather conditions where visibility is limited.

The other options, while they touch on aspects of approaches, do not accurately describe the defining characteristics of a non-precision approach. For instance, approaches with vertical guidance (such as precision approaches) enable compliance with glide paths, and visual approaches typically require a clear view of the runway without relying solely on instrumentation. Intricate landing procedures may involve various step-down fixes or components but do not specifically define the essence of a non-precision approach.